Map planning and surveying - What is Map in Survey

The first maps were drawn on clay tablets in ancient Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC. The oldest map ever found is a map of 127 hectares of land in Kirkuk and some mountains and rivers or canals on either side of it. It shows the east direction upwards through the compass.

 The earliest blueprints of town planning have been found in the ancient city of Catal Huyuk (present-day central Turkey). It is believed to be around AD. P.O. 6 and a half thousand years ago.

 An Egyptian map drawn on papyrus around 1300 AD is the world's oldest geological map showing the location of silver and gold in the mountainous terrain along the Red Sea.

 Eratosthenes, a Greek scientist living in Cyrene in Alexandria, Egypt, made the first world map in the 3rd century BC. His world map was limited to Europe, Africa, Asia and Iceland, and Ceylon because he needed to learn about other continents. He used axes and meridians to indicate the location of regions on the map.

World Atlas In the second century AD, Marinus of Tayre (a city in present-day Lebanon) divided his known world into smaller regions and made separate maps of them. This is how marinas are made

He was making the world's first atlas. In his atlas, only the coast of Africa, India and East Africa, China, East Asian cotrigara, and silk routes were placed.

Read more:  Read about Government and Society

Archeology was first practiced by the Babylonians in the middle of the 6th century BC. King Nabopolassar and his son Nebuchadnezzar began archaeological research to recover the history and traditions lost by the Assyrian Empire to eliminate the Assyrian religious and cultural influence and bring back the old rules and identity of the country. 

 The first archaeologist in history is the last Chaldean ruler Nabunidas (reigned 555-538 AD; East). His method of uncovering and deciphering ancient inscriptions and uncovering the history of ancient buildings and rulers has proved to be valid even today.